75 research outputs found
Green OFDMA Resource Allocation in Cache-Enabled CRAN
Cloud radio access network (CRAN), in which remote radio heads (RRHs) are
deployed to serve users in a target area, and connected to a central processor
(CP) via limited-capacity links termed the fronthaul, is a promising candidate
for the next-generation wireless communication systems. Due to the
content-centric nature of future wireless communications, it is desirable to
cache popular contents beforehand at the RRHs, to reduce the burden on the
fronthaul and achieve energy saving through cooperative transmission. This
motivates our study in this paper on the energy efficient transmission in an
orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-based CRAN with multiple
RRHs and users, where the RRHs can prefetch popular contents. We consider a
joint optimization of the user-SC assignment, RRH selection and transmit power
allocation over all the SCs to minimize the total transmit power of the RRHs,
subject to the RRHs' individual fronthaul capacity constraints and the users'
minimum rate constraints, while taking into account the caching status at the
RRHs. Although the problem is non-convex, we propose a Lagrange duality based
solution, which can be efficiently computed with good accuracy. We compare the
minimum transmit power required by the proposed algorithm with different
caching strategies against the case without caching by simulations, which show
the significant energy saving with caching.Comment: Presented in IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (Online
GreenComm), Nov. 2016 (Invited Paper
Blue Hill Ship Building
https://digitalmaine.com/blue_hill_documents/1180/thumbnail.jp
Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities
Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa.
The progression of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in Africa has so far been heterogeneous, and the full impact is not yet well understood. In this study, we describe the genomic epidemiology using a dataset of 8746 genomes from 33 African countries and two overseas territories. We show that the epidemics in most countries were initiated by importations predominantly from Europe, which diminished after the early introduction of international travel restrictions. As the pandemic progressed, ongoing transmission in many countries and increasing mobility led to the emergence and spread within the continent of many variants of concern and interest, such as B.1.351, B.1.525, A.23.1, and C.1.1. Although distorted by low sampling numbers and blind spots, the findings highlight that Africa must not be left behind in the global pandemic response, otherwise it could become a source for new variants
The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance.
Investment in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing in Africa over the past year has led to a major increase in the number of sequences that have been generated and used to track the pandemic on the continent, a number that now exceeds 100,000 genomes. Our results show an increase in the number of African countries that are able to sequence domestically and highlight that local sequencing enables faster turnaround times and more-regular routine surveillance. Despite limitations of low testing proportions, findings from this genomic surveillance study underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic and illuminate the distinct dispersal dynamics of variants of concern-particularly Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron-on the continent. Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve while the continent faces many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century
- …